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What is quantum supremacy?
Quantum supremacy is the demonstration that a quantum computer performs a specific task that the most powerful classical computers cannot complete in reasonable time.
Google first made this claim in 2019 with random circuit sampling on its 53-qubit Sycamore processor. The task had no practical use; the goal was to show that quantum hardware had gone beyond classical simulation. In later years better classical algorithms lowered some of the estimates.
The real goal is to beat classical methods on useful problems such as drug and materials design. This is usually called “quantum advantage” and depends largely on error-corrected quantum computers.
Related packages
Related concepts
- NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) · NISQ is the current era of quantum computing, named by John Preskill in 2018: devices with tens to a few hundred noisy qubits and no error correction.
- Quantum error correction · Quantum error correction spreads one logical qubit over many physical qubits so that errors caused by noise can be found and fixed without measuring the qubits directly.