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What is quantum teleportation?
Quantum teleportation is a protocol that transfers the unknown state of a qubit to another qubit using a shared entangled pair and two classical bits.
The sender measures the qubit to be sent together with their half of the entangled pair and sends the two-bit result to the receiver over a classical channel. The receiver applies X and/or Z to their qubit according to these bits, and the original state appears there.
No matter is moved and no information travels faster than light, because the receiver’s qubit is useless until the classical bits arrive. The original qubit’s state is destroyed by the measurement, so nothing is copied either. Teleportation is a foundation of quantum networks and some error-correction methods.
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- Quantum entanglement · Entanglement means several qubits share a joint quantum state, so their measurement results are correlated even when the qubits are far apart.
- Bell state · A Bell state is one of four special states in which two qubits are entangled in the simplest and strongest way; the best known gives only 00 or 11 when measured.
- Quantum key distribution (QKD, BB84) · Quantum key distribution lets two parties share a secret encryption key while detecting eavesdropping attempts thanks to the nature of quantum measurement.